วันอังคารที่ 13 ตุลาคม พ.ศ. 2552

Exploring Kant through Descartes and Hume

One of the greatest philosophers to develop and refine the theory of knowledge, along with other philosophical concepts of Immanuel Kant is with a careful review, thoughts and concerns, he developed a unique philosophy that the transcendental in order to prolong the worlds of rationalism and empiricism . With a cautious glance at the former philosophers remarkable importance, namely, Descartes, Hume, Kant was able to a very modern philosophy, the basis is for thinking tooand looking on the thinking of today. The examination of these two philosophers is only their importance as a contribution to the creation of Kant and thus the foundation, the bound empiricism and rationalism.

Let's look at Descartes first. Descartes is a rationalist. He believes that it achieved any other way than through knowledge or through the senses. For example, the sentence "I think therefore I am" is an important aspect of this approach. This is developing the knowledge on Thinking alone. More importantly, it is weighted heavily on the knowledge of God. This is to say that the idea of God, and God Himself, who is outside the realm of the senses, and therefore it is only by thinking. Descartes shows through his meditations, thinking with our minds and that we can make decisions in the world around us. He believes that there are only two substances in the metaphysical. The first thought is, and the second is the matter. He believes, in contrast to old> Philosophy that no matter the form. It is also true that certain ideas, especially of the soul and God, which are innate and independent of the senses. This is in contrast to many other philosophers and their beliefs.

The problem with Descartes is that many of his work very much based on the existence of God. This is to say that it takes to help God to prove the concept of certain innate ideas outside the physical world. It is a very simple example to use and requiressupport little or no back up to. This is because, as one does not really prove or deny the existence of God, one can only say that, because they believe what they're doing and can rotate it, put this exists as an innate idea. If you have a belief in God, then one can not deny this belief. Descartes uses this belief in his idea of innate ideas in support. It is easy to say that God exists and use that as evidence to establish a philosophical notion of innate ideas, because this requires no other basis. The conceptGod can be compared to Iceland's Perfect Gaunilo theory. This theory makes it clear that it found no need for empirical evidence for the existence of God and therefore fully supports the major ideas of concepts. The Perfect Iceland theory states that "if one of the most perfect island of thought in their mind, then there is no greater island can exist must exist." The definition of God is that which the most perfect, and since nothing can be more perfect than God, it is only rightconfirm the existence of God. Although debatably flawed, the theory shows the simple power of belief holds the philosophy of Descartes.

On the other hand, there is David Hume. Hume is an empiricist. Key points out, as its opposite is a strong support base for Descartes, Hume, is that is a non-believer in God. This is where we can understand that it is a sensitive portrayal of the world and philosophy. We can use the rules from other thoughts simply because itTo understand any more thoughts, or that we have only thought of them. He believes that even in the Copy Principle. This means that ideas are acquired ideas. Hume explains that there are two possible ways to organize, to convictions. One is the relationship of ideas, the logical relationships between the beliefs required, while the other facts, which is the relationship of faith with the world itself. He also denies that these facts can be known a priori, only the promotion of its empiricistViews. Hume was a philosophy that has been seen by many as strongly based in skepticism. We can understand that, comes from his faith in all knowledge through the senses. It is for this reason that we can only trust these perceptions, and thus the knowledge that is derived from them.

By understanding the basics of the two philosophers before, we can better feel for the philosophy of Kant. Kant notes that he is the better of the two worlds of empiricism and considersRationalism and developed a philosophy to satisfy the imbalance between the two. Let us begin by looking at the fundamentals of both worlds and compare a priori knowledge prior to experience, and a posterior knowledge from experience. He says that both exist. On the one hand, that have the a priori, we such ideas of logic, mathematics and other basic concepts that are not created by human mind, but rather recognized and captured by the natural world. Is different from that of aposteriori, which Kant describes as something like science and sensory and analytical sciences, which, if done well recognized to be developed by the natural world, or in a human process.

Still further, we can break the two in the center and developed a concept used by Hume. We can look these things are analytic, the equivalent of relations Hume's ideas or synthetic, the equivalent of Hume's fact questions. Dividing a priori, we can see Kant labels logic as analytic, while mathematicsand other basic concepts are synthetic. But if we are closer to subsequently implement them, we find that science can only examine synthetic, and that there is no analytic a posteriori knowledge. Thus we see from Descartes, Kant has taken the logical sense of thinking that "I think therefore I am" type of reasoning to support the truth from reason alone, and by Hume, we see that Kant'm the ratio of ideas between ideas and has taken the relationship of ideas in comparison to the World.

Kant also takes a good look at them aware of concepts such as God, freedom and immortality. This will on the side of rationalism of Descartes. Looking at this, we can see that there is a discrepancy between appearance and reality of the world of possible experience. Kant puts these concepts into reality, but even further, he breaks into reality, what we know and what we think. These concepts are provided in the latter. This places the emphasis on logic and reason of his> Philosophy, weight hold, which is not only noticeable, but more importantly, what will be invoked by rational thought.

Among the side of the Hume, however, asks Kant, especially the development of concepts. He will not focus on what we know, but also on how we know what we know. We get a further understanding of Hume. It goes past the ideas of the ruling in Kant denies the practicability to do, as it would be counterproductive to the cause. Such things belong to apriori, and therefore have an origin, at least in the near inconceivable that the human spirit. What Kant is then concerned with tracking the evolution of the physical world through a transcendental philosophy. This is not based on accurate knowledge and belief, but they expand and support the foundations of faith. It is important to note the contradiction of the word "everything that happens, you have a cause" but be sure that the development of concepts show is based morehigh, and not the provenance, but on a form of evolution. The wording indicates that the term of the cause of something else, "what happened" and thus creates this contradiction. Kant is thus concentrated in a progress of thought in philosophy.

Through this we can see the impact that has brought the philosophy of Kant. He glued the empiricist thinking with the rationalistic thinking, and vice versa. This is sometimes called a "Copernican revolution." He puts moreFocus on the reality of things and not to the extent to which our senses can progress knowledge. He also points out that the human mind has limits of its possibilities, such as containers, and therefore not everything can be known or recognized by the people there. This is important in that it demonstrates the incompleteness of the theory of knowledge and philosophy, but not necessarily as a show of weakness, or they overcome barriers, but as acceptable truths, which, when balanced canbetween the two worlds of epistemological empiricism and rationalism. Although he is more on the side of Descartes 'rule out', some of Hume's assumptions and judgments of the world it is a mix between the two to some degree accept the real knowledge of what the philosophy may understandably label and not, as the theory of knowledge may to share.

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